Which one of the following is not a push factor?
Medical facilities
Which continent has the highest crude birth and death rate?
Africa
Which one of the following countries is famous for tulip cultivation?
Netherlands
Which one of the following industry produces raw materials for other industries?
Basic Industries
Which of the following is not a part of the service sector?
Manufacturing
Which regional bloc has its headquarter in Jakarta?
ASEAN
Who wrote “Geographical Introduction to History”?
Lucian Febre
Which state in India has the highest sex ratio?
Kerala
The Trans–Siberian Railway of Russia runs from St. Petersburg to
Vladivostok
Mahbub-ul-Haq developed the concept of
Human development
Which one of the following is the longest single highway in India?
NH 7
Which of the following regions has the densest rail network in India?
Northern Plains
Which is the main reason for the male migration in India:?
Employment
Which stream is dominated by male migrants in India?
Rural - Urban
Which was the most urbanised region in India in 2011?
Satluj–Ganga Plains
Which of the following is a water-borne disease?
Typhoid
Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for sustainable development in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
Agricultural Development
Which one of the following rivers has the highest replenishable ground water resource in the country?
Ganga
Which crop is India the largest producer and consumer of?
Tea
Which city has the highest population density in India?
Mumbai
Distinguish between primary and secondary activities by stating three points of each.
| Primary Activities | Secondary Activities |
| 1. Primary activities are those activities through which man fulfils his needs and desires by using resources which are gifted to man by nature. | 1. The occupations which produce finished goods by using the products of primary activities such as raw materials are called secondary activities. |
| 2. Hunting, gathering, pastoralism, fishing, forestry, mining, and agriculture are included in primary activities. | 2. All manufacturing industries are included in this category. |
| 3. Primary activities form a base for secondary activities. | 3. Secondary activities form a base for tertiary activities. |
Explain any three points of economics significance of ‘Trans-Siberian Railways”.
a. It connects vast Russia from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
b. It helps in the exploitation of Siberian resource which has vast economic importance.
c. The Trans-Siberian Railroad connects many cities such as Moscow, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, etc.
Study the map given below and answer the questions that follow :
1. Name the railway line shown on this map.
2. Name the terminal station of this railway along the Atlantic Coast.
3. Why is this railway line known as 'economic artery' of the through which it passes?
1. The Trans-Canadian Railway
2. Halifax
3. This railway line connected the Quebec-Montreal Industrial Region with the wheat belt of the Prairie Region and the Coniferous forest region in the north of Canada.
“Conservation of minerals is more important than other resources.” Explain giving three arguments.
Conservation of minerals is more important than other resources because:
‘‘Every January after the harvest season ‘Jonbeel Mela’ takes place in Jagiroad, 35 kilometres away from Guwahati and it is possibly the only fair in India, where ‘barter system’ is still alive. A big market is organised during this fair and people from various tribes and communities exchange their products.’’ In light of the above paragraph, justify the values of ‘barter system’ in the lives of the tribal communities.
Values of barter system in the lives of the tribal community:
i. The barter system fosters mutual cooperation and it is very simple system. There is no complex problems due to the present monetary system.
ii. There is less possibility of concentration of wealth in the hands of few people
iii. There is no monopoly in the economy.
Define ‘manufacturing’. Classify manufacturing industries based on the size of into three categories. Explain an important characteristic of each category.
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, processing, etc.
Based on the size, industries are classified as cottage industries, small-scale and large-scale industries.
Household or Cottage Manufacturing-
a. Smallest manufacturing unit
b. Craftsmen use local tools and raw materials.
c. Finished products may be sale in local markets.
d. Transport and communication don’t wield much influence.
Small Scale Manufacturing
a. Uses local raw materials
b. Uses simple power-driven machines
c. Provides employment and raises the local purchasing power
Large Scale Manufacturing involves
a. Large markets
b. Various raw materials
c. Enormous energy
d. Skilled workers
e. Advanced technology
f. Large capital
Explain the three components of population change in the world. Analyse the impacts of population change.
Components of population change - Births, deaths and migrations are the three components of the population.
a. The crude birth rate is expressed as several live births in a year per thousand of women. Population growth occurs by increasing the birth rate.
b. The death rate is expressed in terms of several deaths in a particular year per thousand of the population in a particular region. Decreasing or increasing death rate also affects population growth.
c. People migrate from one place to another. The place of origin shows a decrease in population while the place of destination shows an increase in population.
Impact of population changes
a. High population growth leads to depletion of resources.
b. Population decline indicates that resources that had supported are now insufficient.
c. The deadly diseases and epidemics have pushed up the death rate and reduced life expectancy in third world countries.
What is human development? Analyse the four pillars of human development.
Human development is a process that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives.
The four pillars of Human Development are:
(i) Equity –It refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste.
(ii) Sustainability – It means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities.
(iii) Productivity – It means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. Ultimately, it is people who are the real wealth of nations.
(iv) Empowerment – It means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people-oriented policies are required to empower people.
“An uneven distribution of the population suggests a close relationship between population and physical and socio-economic factors.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
Population density is closely related to physical and socio-economic factors:
a. Dense population in Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, and Kerala is due to flat and fertile plains, favourable climate, availability of water and other socio-economic factors.
b. Sparse population of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and other North-East states is due to hilly terrain, dense forests and harsh climate. Rajasthan has a water shortage and its hot and dry climate accounts for low population density.
c. Moderate density is seen in Odisha, Assam, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc., due to possibilities of agriculture, industrial development and favourable climate to some extent.
Favourable factors for the transport network, industrialisation, urbanisation in Maharashtra, Goa, Delhi NCR, etc., account for high population density.
Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.
A plantation is a large farm that is specialised on farming one type of crop, mostly for export, and less for local use. Plantation agriculture was introduced by the Europeans in the tropics. The characteristics of this agriculture are:
Some of the important plantation crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples. Few important plantation crops from different countries are:
‘‘The decadal and annual growth rates of population in India are both very high and steadily increasing over time.’’ Substantiate the statement.
The growth of population in India can be divided into four phases as under:
i. The phase of Stagnant Population: 1901-21: During this period, the population increased by 1.29 crore only. In the decade (1910-21), the growth rate of the population declined to (-) 0.3 per cent.
ii. The decades between 1921 and 1951 recorded steady growth of population. Overall improvement in health and sanitation minimized the mortality rate but the birth rate remained high.
iii. In the next three decades, 1951-81 are known as the period of population explosion. It was caused by a rapid fall in the mortality rate but the birth rate remained high.
iv. Since 1981 till date, the population growth rate has been high although a downward trend of crude birth rate has started. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 121 crores with a decadal growth of 17.64%.
Explain how ‘watershed management’ and ‘rainwater harvesting’ are the methods of efficient management and conservation of surface water resources in India.
Watershed management:
i. The programme envisages restoring the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such a soil, vegetative cover & water through watershed management initiatives.
ii. It prevents runoff, recharges groundwater through percolation tanks, recharges wells, etc.
iii. Neeru-Meeru programme in Andhra Pradesh and Arvary Pani Sansad in Rajasthan have taken up construction of various water harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, check dams etc.
Rainwater Harvesting:
i. Traditional rainwater harvesting mainly in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks etc.
ii. In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting structures, locally known as kunds or tankas are constructed near or in the house or village to store harvested rainwater. In both urban and rural setting, harvesting can be done by the use of infrastructure.
‘‘The non-conventional sources of energy will provide more sustained, eco-friendly and cheaper energy if the initial cost is taken care of.’’ Examine the statement.
Non-conventional sources of energy:
i. Non-conventional energy sources are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biomass, etc.
ii. All these sources are sustainable and are more equitably distributed.
iii. They are ecofriendly and cost effective.
iv. Solar Energy is the most important non-conventional source of energy and it gives non-polluting environment-friendly output and is available in abundant.
v. Wind energy like other non-conventional sources of energy is absolutely pollution free.
vi. Ocean currents are store house of infinite energy.
vii. Biomass energy is also applicable for cooking, lighting, and generation of electricity.
viii. Geothermal energy can successfully be tapped, converted to electrical energy and can be developed as an effective source of energy.
Describe any five characteristics of National Highways of India.
The National Highways network of India is owned by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is building, upgrading, and maintaining most of the National Highways network. The characteristics of National Highways of India are following:
i. Managed and maintained by CPWD, Central Public Works Department, an agency of the Government of India.
ii. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the nodal agency responsible for building, upgrading and maintaining most of the national highways network.
iii. Meant for movement of defencemen and material in strategic areas.
iv. They connect state capitals, major cities, important ports, railway junctions of India.
v. They constitute 1.7% of total road length and 40% of the road traffic in India.
What is human development? What are the various symbols of development?
Human development is a process of enlarging the range of people’s choices, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income and empowerment and covering the full range of human choices from a sound physical environment to economic, social and political freedom. It is defined as the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Freedom from hunger, poverty, servitude, bondage, ignorance, illiteracy and any other forms of domination is the key to human development. Development is freedom is often associated with modernisation, leisure, comfort and affluence.
In the present context, the various symbols of the development are as follows:
a. Freedom
b. Industrialization
c. Leisure
d. Modernization
e. large education system
f. Computerization
g. Medical facilities
h. Safety and security
Locate and Label any five of the following on the given political outline map of India.
a. Headquarter of North East Frontier Railway Zone
b. This port is situated at the entrance of the Zuari estuary in Goa.
c. A natural harbour and the biggest port of the country
d. This Port is in Andhra Pradesh and a land-locked harbour
e. The important nuclear power project in Uttar Pradesh
f. Headquarter of Northern Railway Zone
g. Port is located in the state of Karnataka and caters to the needs of the export of iron-ore and iron-concentrates.
h. Lignite mines in Tamil Nadu
i. The Software technological park in West Bengal
j. This port is situated in the Mahanadi delta.
In the given political outline map of the World, five features A, B, C, D and E have been shown. Identify these features, with the help of the information given below and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
A. A country has the lowest rank in the Human Development Index 2003
B. A railway terminal station
C. A major sea-port
D. A major airport
E. A megacity
The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of the above question:
(1) Which country has the lowest rank in the Human Development Index 2003?
(2) Name the terminal stations of the Australian Trans-Continental Railway.
(3) Name any one major sea-port of South America.
(4) Name the major airport in New Zealand.
(5) Name any megacity of North America.
(1) The country with the lowest rank in the Human Development Index- Nigeria
(2) The terminal stations of the Australian Trans-Continental Railway: Perth and Sydney
(3) Major sea-port of South America: Valparaiso
(4) The major airport of New Zealand: Auckland
(5) The megacity of North America: New York
Take your CBSE board preparation to another level with AI based and rich media animation on Extramarks - The Learning App.
Features of Learning App
Enter your GTS-XXXXX below to start learning!
