POLITICAL SCIENCE-2019-CBSE [DELHI]- SET-II

The Soviet system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. People expressed their dissent in Jokes and cartoons due to Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech.

During the Cold war period, most countries of the Western Europe sided with the US and those of Eastern Europe joined the Soviet Camp. Countries that joined US led camp is known as ‘Western Alliance’. They adopted capitalism and liberal democracy. Their groupings formalized into NATO.

(i) Reorganisation of states on the basis of language gave the uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries.

(ii) It underlined the acceptance of the principle of diversity

The benefits of having an International Organisation –

i) Nations can usually see that there are some things they must do together. There are issues that are so challenging that they can only be dealt with when everyone works together, for example, some diseases, environmental degradation, Global Warming, etc.

(i) It gives a common platform to discuss issues of International concern e. g. Environment, Epidemics, International wars & Peace & other International issues.

Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. e.g.: Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM), Nuclear Non – Proliferation Treaty (NPT) etc.

b) The UN had given consent to invade Iraq.
After a series of diplomatic attempts failed at convincing Iraq to quit its aggression, the United Nations mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force. It came to be known as first Gulf war (1991).
In 2003, the US launched its invasion of Iraq. More than forty other countries joined in the US-led coalition of the willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion.

The regional parties played an important role in the united front government that came to power in 1996. The united front was similar to the national front of 1989 for it included Janata Dal and several regional parties.

1- The one party system represented by the communist party of the Soviet Union had tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people.

2- The party refused to recognise the urge of people in the fifteen republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own affairs. Russia was only one of the fifteen republics that together constituted the USSR, in reality Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.

Match column A with Column B

Measures to improve relations with Pakistan:

(i) People to people contact can be encouraged. Trade should be encouraged.

(ii) Visas to be given more freely. Confidence building measures should be undertaken to reduce the risk of war.