POLITICAL SCIENCE-2019-CBSE [DELHI]- SET-I

Capitalism is a system where

(i) Economy is not controlled by the Government.

(iii) it is based on free market forces

or in other words,

Capitalism denotes a distinct form of social organisation, based on generalized commodity production, in which there is private ownership and/or control of the means of production.

The eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw pact, was led by the Soviet Union. It was created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe. The eastern European countries were its members and it was called the Warsaw Pact.
The Eastern Alliance was committed to the ideology of Socialism and Communism.

b) The UN had given consent to invade Iraq.
After a series of diplomatic attempts failed at convincing Iraq to quit its aggression, the United Nations mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force. It came to be known as first Gulf war (1991).
In 2003, the US launched its invasion of Iraq. More than forty other countries joined in the US-led coalition of the willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion.

The benefits of having an International Organisation –

i) Nations can usually see that there are some things they must do together. There are issues that are so challenging that they can only be dealt with when everyone works together, for example, some diseases, environmental degradation, Global Warming, etc.

(i) It gives a common platform to discuss issues of International concern e. g. Environment, Epidemics, International wars & Peace & other International issues.

Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. e.g.: Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM), Nuclear Non – Proliferation Treaty (NPT) etc.

(i) Reorganisation of states on the basis of language gave the uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries.

(ii) It underlined the acceptance of the principle of diversity

When no single party has won a majority of seats in the House – then different like-minded parties come together to form a majority in the House and to be able to form a government. Such a government formed by an alliance of parties is known as Coalition Government. E.g. NDA, UPA, National Front, United Front.

Features of the Soviet System: -

(i) The makers of the soviet system gave primacy to the state and the institution of the party. The soviet political system centered around the communist party, and no other political party or opposition was allowed.

(ii) The Soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens, and the government subsidised basic necessities including health, education, childcare and other welfare schemes.

Impact that the Soviet Union had on the East European countries was:

The eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw pact, was led by the Soviet Union. It was created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe.

The political and economic systems of all these countries were modelled after the USSR. The Warsaw pact, a military alliance, held them together.

Measures to improve relations with Pakistan:

(i) People to people contact can be encouraged. Trade should be encouraged.

(ii) Visas to be given more freely. Confidence building measures should be undertaken to reduce the risk of war.