POLITICAL SCIENCE: 2017: CBSE [ALL INDIA] Set–I

Russia and India share a vision of multipolar world order. By the multipolar world they mean:-

(i) Coexistence of several powers in the international system.

(ii) Collective Security and a collective response.

(iii) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts.

(iv) An independent foreign policy for all countries,

(v) Decision making through bodies like the UN.

Operation Iraqi Freedom was launched by US to prevent Iraq from developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).

(i) Some farmers committed suicide because their crops failed. They had bought very expensive seeds supplied by a multinational company (MNC).

(ii) An Indian company bought a major rival company based in Europe, despite protests by some of the current owners.

(iii)Many retail shopkeepers or small businessmen have lost their livelihood due to the economic power of the MNCs.

(iv)A film producer in Mumbai was accused of lifting the story of his film from another film made in Hollywood.

(v) A militant group issued statement threatening college girls who wear western clothes.

These examples show us that globalisation need not always be positive.

To an industrialist who is planning to set up a steel plant in a rural area, and at the same time to the Adivasi who lives in that region development means different because they lose their forest land.

Because violence disturbs not only the social and economic inter-dependence , but also it adversely affects the secular system. It also hampers the religious freedom of an individual.

Non-aligned posture served India’s interests in at least two ways:

(i) Non-alignment allowed India to take international decisions and stances that served its interests rather than the interests of the superpowers and their allies.

(ii) India was often able to balance one superpower against the other. If India felt ignored or unduly pressurized by one superpower, it could tilt towards the other, neither alliance system could take India for granted.

Two political developments in 1940s:-

i) The political competition between the Congress and the Muslim League.

ii) The ‘two nation theory’ advanced by the Muslim League.

ii) The British role and policy of divide and rule.

(i) Rajiv Gandhi – Longowal Accord was an important step towards bringing normalcy to Punjab, but peace was not restored easily and immediately. The cycle of violence continued nearly for a decade.

(ii) Peace returned by the middle of 1990s’ and that too after having lot of losses.

If regions are not given a share in the national level decision making, it will develop a feeling of injustice and alienation among the regional people.