Geography: 2016: CBSE: [Delhi]: Set – III

Sex ratio is unfavourable to women in countries where gender discrimination is rampant. Such areas are those where the practice of female foeticide, female infanticide and domestic violence against women are prevalent.

People are central to all development under the concept of human development. The basic goal of human development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. A meaningful life is not just a long one. It must be a life with some purpose. This means that people must be healthy, be able to develop their talents, participate in society and be free to achieve their goals.

The raw materials essential for iron and steel industry are iron ore, coking coal, limestone, dolomite, manganese and fire clay. All these raw materials are very bulky and also weight losing. Therefore, the best location for the iron and steel plants is near the source of raw materials.

The importance of a port is judged by the size of cargo and the number of ships handled.

The state of India having lowest density of population as per 2011 census is Arunachal Pradesh.

The area connected to sea port is known as hinterland. It is connected to port by road and rail links. The items of import and export are transported to and fro between port and hinterland.

Rajasthan (342239 sq km) has the largest area.

The urban waste should be properly treated as a resource for various needs of mankind. These wastes should be treated as resource and utilised for generating energy and compost. There are various ways for changing the urban waste into resources.

i. Urban waste can be managed by the process of resource recovery. It is the process of taking useful discarded items for a specific next use. These discarded items are then processed to extract or recover materials and resources or convert them to energy in the form of useable heat, electricity or fuel.

ii. Urban waste can be dumped into the landfills. After the landfill is full, the area is covered with a thick layer of mud and the site can thereafter be developed as a parking lot or a park.

iii. Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials.  Recycling is done to reduce energy usage, volume of landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and preserve natural resources for future use.

(1.) The rural pattern shown in the diagram is star like pattern.

(2) Star like rural settlements pattern are found in the countrysides of North-West Europe, plains of Yangtze Kiang, Punjab province of Pakistan and the Sutlej-Yamuna plains.

(3) Where several roads converge, star shaped settlements develop by the houses built along the roads.

(1) A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently.

(2) Linear rural settlement pattern are located along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley or along a levee. Such settlements are found in the Middle Himalayas, Alps, Rockies, Andes, Pyrenees, Pamir, Hindukush, Zagros, and along the roads in the plains of Ganga-Yamuna.

(3) In dispersed rural settlements, houses are spaced far apart and often interspersed with fields. A cultural feature such as a place of worship or a market, binds the settlement together.