Geography: 2016: CBSE: [All India]: Set – III

15-59 years of age group.

The term ‘human development’ is an expansion of human capabilities, a widening of choices, ‘an enhancement of freedom, and a fulfillment of human rights.’This concept was developed by the economist MahbubulHaq.

Features of foot loose industry:
i. They are not dependent on any specific raw material.
ii. They produce in small quantity.

The total value of goods and services traded is considered as the volume of trade.

Agricultural density of Population different from physiological density of population –Agricultural density is the total agricultural population / net cultivable area whereas physiological density is the total population / net cultivated area.

In India, a large number of people migrate from rural to urban areas because of – poverty, high population pressure on land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health care, education, etc.

Kolkata Port is the riverine port on the eastern coast of India.

1. The Steel Plant mark with star symbol shown on the diagram is Durgapur Steel Plant, which is established near to the DamodarRiver.
2. Jharia and Raniganj are the two important mining areas which supply coal to this plant while Noamundi and Bonaigarh are the two famous places for supplying manganese to this plant.
3. Damodar River is the main source of water supply to this plant.
 

1. Asia and North and Central America arethe two continents having the highest growth rate of million cities from 1950 to 2000.
2. Various reasonsare responsible behind the growth of million cities. Firstly, large number of migration takes place from rural to urban areas because of lack of employment opportunities. Secondly, overpopulation and lack of infrastructural facilities are equally accountable for this growth. Apart from these factors, natural disasters like flood, drought, cyclone, storm, earthquake, etc. also accelerate the pace of this growth.
3. A city with at least or over a million inhabitants or residents, is called million city.In 1950 only 3 cities satisfied this definition – London, New York and Tokyo, but nowadays, this number is far greater. As of 2015, there are about 500 metropolitan areas around the world with a population of one million people or more. They were generally found in developed countries but with the increasing of globalization they have spread into developing nation’s cities like Mumbai, Shanghai, etc.
 

The Jhabua a poor tribal district of Madhya Pradesh has set an excellent example of community based management of water resources. The four year (i.e. 1994-1998) evaluation highlights identified for the selected watersheds of Jhabua area are as follows.

1. The wasteland area was reduced by 66% in the 11 micro- watersheds of Jhabua area. 2. Most of villages became self-sufficient in fodder and forage and food production was found to be increased by 35% in the mentioned five years span. 3. The groundwater table was found to be increased by 0.64 m on an average in 19 watersheds due to which consequently the cropped area and area under Rabi (winter crops) was also increased. The irrigated areas were increased to 1,115 ha in 18 micro-watersheds, which were nearly doubled the irrigated area of 1994-1995.

In the year 1994, Madhya Pradesh Government initiated the Rajiv Gandhi Watershed Mission Program (RGMWD). The main objective of the programme was to integrate concerns of poverty reduction and environmental regeneration through participatory watershed management. The state-wise programme was initiated in 1998, after inspired by the work of social activist Anna Hazare in his village Ralegan Siddhi.