Geography: 2005: CBSE: [Delhi]: Set – II

9.1 Industrial region No.3 is Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region.

9.2 Industrial region No.5 is Chotanagpur region.

a. The railway line shown in this map is Australian Trans Continental railway.

b. It lies in Australia.

c. The two ocean coasts which are linked by this railway line are Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts.

Natural Resources help humans in following ways:

1. They provide energy and favourable conditions for the human development.

2. They are present in the nature in abundance and thus they can be used to replace the exhaustible resources.

3. Natural resources are considered as clean resources as they cannot lead to any type of pollution and thus maintain environmental balance.

Rain Water Harvesting: Rain Water Harvesting is the principle of collecting and using precipitation from catchment surface. Rain water harvesting is a method to capture and store rain water for various uses. It is also used to recharge groundwater aquifers.

Objectives of Rain Water Harvesting:

1. To meet the ever increasing demand for water.

2. To reduce the runoff which chokes drains.

The three main reasons for low agricultural productivity in India are:

1. Inadequate irrigation facilities: In our country, only 22% of cultivated land is irrigated, whereas it is necessary to irrigate at least 50% of the cultivated land to increase the agricultural productivity.

2. Primitive agricultural practices: In most parts of India, Indian farmers are still using primitive agricultural practices and it is one of the major reasons for low agricultural productivity.

3. Lack of mechanised farming:  Use of modern machines is limited due to low purchasing power of the Indian farmers. To get the maximum output, modern equipment should be used in farming.

The two main characteristics of major sea ports of India are:

1. They act as collection centers of commodities from hinterland for further shipment to foreign destinations.

2. They also act as receiving points of foreign consignments coming to India for distributing them in the interior parts of the country.

The three main characteristics of the ‘welfare approach’ of human geography are:

1. Welfare approach emerged as a result of growing inequalities among different regions.

2. This approach focuses on “who gets what, where and how?

Primary Activities: Primary activities are those activities through which man fulfill his needs and desires by using resources which are gifted to man by nature. Hunting, gathering, pastoralism, fishing, forestry, mining, and agriculture are included in primary activities.
Secondary Activities: The occupations which produce finished goods by using the products of primary activities such as raw materials are called secondary activities. All manufacturing industries are included in this category.
Tertiary Activities: All service occupations which do not produce anything directly but provide services to the society are known as Tertiary activities. Transport, communication, trade, health, education etc are some examples of Tertiary activities.

Grain stock pile is often used as a measure of food security.

 Two measures to increase food security are:

1. Nutrient recycling cropping method has been developed to suit infertile acid soil. It helps in obtaining high yield from the land.

TRANSPORT:

1. Means of transport are the carriages that transport men and material from one place to another.

2. The major modes of transport today are the railways, the roadways, waterways, the airways and the pipelines.

3. They promote national unity and integrity.

COMMUNICATION:

1. Means of communication are those means which are helpful in communicating news and information from one person to another sitting thousands of kilometer away.

2. The means of communication are posts and telegraphs, telephone, fax, teleprinters, print media, radio, television, wireless and satellite.