Geography: 2005: CBSE: [All India]: Set – III

Pipelines are extensively used for the transportation of mineral and natural gas. The reasons are:

1. Pipelines can be laid down in hilly areas without major difficulties and it is helpful in the transportation of liquid mineral. No external source of energy is needed in pipeline transportation.
2. This mode of transport ensures uninterrupted flow. The operation and maintenance cost is low.
3. They are energy efficient and environment friendly.

Service sector is an important sector in any economy in the world. In the service sector, finance, insurance, public relation, transport, communication etc. are included.

1. This sector provides more job and employment opportunities. Some of the countries like U.K.and USA are providing job opportunities in this sector and people around the world are moving towards these countries.

2. The service sector is a global sector and people are willing to work in this sector.

3. People in the service sector earn more income especially in services like health care, entertainment and transport.

Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting rainwater and restoring it. It is a method of recharging ground water by collecting and storing rainwater locally. The main objectives are:

1. It helps in the ground water recharge.

2. It reduces the wastage of rainwater in the form of surface run-off.

3. Water harvesting stops the pollution of ground water and improves its quality.

4. It increases the level of water table.

A port is a facility at the edge of an ocean, river or lake for receiving ships and transferring cargo and persons. Ports have specially-designed equipment to help in the loading and unloading of  vessels. 

1. Indian Ports are the gateways to India's international trade by sea and are handling over 90% of foreign trade.
2. Seaports help in increasing India's share in global exports and imports.
3. Seaports, also play an important role in attracting the foreign industries as sea routes are the cheapest means of transportation of heavy goods.

Resources are always important for the development of the society. The major differences between the natural and man-made resources are:

a. Hugli industrial region

Vidal de la Blach was the follower of Possibilism. The main characteristics of Possibilism are:

1. Human behaviour changes while residing in same climatic conditions. So the climate is not the major component but human attitude and values are the dominating factors.
2. Man can change the natural conditions according to his needs and requirements.

This system often involves clearing of a piece of land followed by several years of wood harvesting or farming until the soil loses fertility. Once the land becomes inadequate for crop production, it is left to be reclaimed by natural vegetation, or sometimes converted to a different long term cyclical farming practice.

1. This type of agriculture does not provide a settled life for the farmers.

2. Burning of forests and clearing of land causes environmental degradation.

Intensity of cropping refers to the number of crops grown on a field during an agricultural year. It is calculated by the following formula:

10.1 The railway line shown in this map is Trans-Siberian Railway. 
10.2 This railway line lies in the Asian part of Russia.