Social Science_Board Paper_Class 10_All India_Set 3_2016

King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed as King of United Italy in 1861.

The Scholars Revolt was led by officials at the imperial court angered by spread of Catholicism and French power.

Aluminium is an important metal because it combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.

Trade Unions and Business Associations are two sectional interest groups.

MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where they get cheap labour and other resources so that cost of production is low and MNCs can earn greater profits.

Consumers have the Right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices under which they can move to consumer court to get compensation if any damage is done to a consumer by a trader depending on the degree of damage.

Pressure groups are organisations that attempt to influence government policies. Pressure groups do not aim to directly control or share political power. On the other hand, political parties directly contest in elections to form government or to share political power.

India adopted for a multi-party system because this system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.

Most of the poor households are deprived from the formal sources of loans because of following reasons:

• Absence of collateral and required documents: Taking loan from formal sector is much more difficult than taking a loan from informal sector. On the other hand, informal sector provides flexible loans in terms of timeline, procedural requirement, etc.
• Insufficient reach of formal sources of credit: Formal sector meets only about half of the credit need of rural people.

Environmental degradation caused by industrial development in India can be minimised by following measures:

i. Control of air pollution: Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.

ii. Control of water pollution: Harvesting of rainwater should be done to meet water requirements for industrial purposes. Industries should treat hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

iii. Control of noise pollution: Industrial machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.